Global CO2 emissions from fuel combustion implied by Nationally Determined Contributions and the Stated Policies Scenario, by 2030

Last updated 6 Oct 2023

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Notes

NDC = National Determined Contribution, STEPS = Stated Policies Scenario. CO2 emissions estimates are fuel combustion only and exclude international bunkers. NDCs values are IEA estimates for CO2 emissions in the energy sector only. First and current NDCs integrate the unconditional and conditional mitigation pledges of individual parties.

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